"haljō" meaning in All languages combined

See haljō on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈxɑl.jɔː/
Etymology: Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic. Etymology templates: {{ety|gem-pro|:der<unc>|ine-pro:<alt:*ḱel-yo-//*ḱol-yeh₂-><ety:der<ine-pro:*ḱel-<id:cover>>>}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*ḱel-yo-\/\/*ḱol-yeh₂-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "cover", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱel-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*haljō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" }" data-lang="gem-pro" data-title="*haljō">, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*ḱel-yo-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-, {{cog|fi|koljo|t=giant}} Finnish koljo (“giant”), {{cog|udm|кыль|t=evil spirit}} Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”) Head templates: {{gem-noun|f}} *haljō f Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], haljō [nominative, singular], haljôz [nominative, plural], haljō [singular, vocative], haljôz [plural, vocative], haljǭ [accusative, singular], haljōz [accusative, plural], haljōz [genitive, singular], haljǫ̂ [genitive, plural], haljōi [dative, singular], haljōmaz [dative, plural], haljō [instrumental, singular], haljōmiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. the netherworld, the underworld, hell Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: feminine, reconstruction Derived forms: haljawītiją (english: hell-punishment, hell-torment)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
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                  "lang": "English",
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                  "word": "Hell"
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                  "lang": "English",
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                  "word": "Hell"
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                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
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                {
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                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
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              ],
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              "raw_tags": [
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          "lang_code": "ang",
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              "lang": "North Frisian",
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              "word": "helle"
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              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hille"
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            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "Hälle"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "hel"
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          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
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              "lang": "North Frisian",
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              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
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              "word": "hel"
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          "lang_code": "ofs",
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        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
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                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Höll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
                  "lang_code": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "Hal"
                }
              ],
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              "lang_code": "gml",
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                  "word": "Helle"
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                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
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                },
                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
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                },
                {
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                }
              ],
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              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "hellja"
        },
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          "descendants": [
            {
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                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Höll"
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                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
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                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "Hal"
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              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "hellia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "hel"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "hel"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Limburgish",
                  "lang_code": "li",
                  "word": "hel"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "hella"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "hélla"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Häll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "heł"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "hełł"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "hellia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "hélla"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Häll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "heł"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "hełł"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "hella"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*hallju"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "ihjel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Danish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-oda",
          "word": "hæl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "ihjäl"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "helsike"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "hæl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "hel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "halja",
      "word": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*koljoi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": ":der<unc>",
        "3": "ine-pro:<alt:*ḱel-yo-//*ḱol-yeh₂-><ety:der<ine-pro:*ḱel-<id:cover>>>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱel-yo-\\/\\/*ḱol-yeh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cover\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haljō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*haljō\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ḱel-yo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "koljo",
        "t": "giant"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish koljo (“giant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "кыль",
        "t": "evil spirit"
      },
      "expansion": "Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*haljō f",
      "name": "gem-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "hell-punishment, hell-torment",
          "translation": "hell-punishment, hell-torment",
          "word": "haljawītiją"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
      ],
      "id": "en-haljō-gem-pro-noun-KOY92aQp",
      "links": [
        [
          "netherworld",
          "netherworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "haljō"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "hell-punishment, hell-torment",
      "translation": "hell-punishment, hell-torment",
      "word": "haljawītiją"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "helle"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "hel"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "hell"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Early Middle English"
              ],
              "word": "hælle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "hell"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "helle"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "hel"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "hell"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yola",
                  "lang_code": "yol",
                  "word": "helle"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Early Middle English"
              ],
              "word": "hælle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "helle"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hille"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "Hälle"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "hel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "helle"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "helle"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hille"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "hel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "Hälle"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "hel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "hille"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Höll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
                  "lang_code": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "Hal"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Höll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
                  "lang_code": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "Hal"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "hellja"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Höll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Westphalian",
                  "lang_code": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "Hal"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "hellia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "hel"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "hel"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Limburgish",
                  "lang_code": "li",
                  "word": "hel"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "hella"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "hélla"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Häll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "heł"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "hełł"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "hellia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Hell"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "hélla"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Helle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Hölle"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Häll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "heł"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "hełł"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "helle"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "hella"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*hallju"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "hel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "ihjel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Danish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-oda",
          "word": "hæl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "ihjäl"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "helsike"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "hæl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "hel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "halja",
      "word": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*koljoi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": ":der<unc>",
        "3": "ine-pro:<alt:*ḱel-yo-//*ḱol-yeh₂-><ety:der<ine-pro:*ḱel-<id:cover>>>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱel-yo-\\/\\/*ḱol-yeh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cover\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haljō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*haljō\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ḱel-yo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "koljo",
        "t": "giant"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish koljo (“giant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "кыль",
        "t": "evil spirit"
      },
      "expansion": "Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haljōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*haljō f",
      "name": "gem-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
        "Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "netherworld",
          "netherworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "haljō"
}

Download raw JSONL data for haljō meaning in All languages combined (11.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.